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The revolution was unusual for the surprise it created throughout the world: it lacked many of the customary causes of revolution (defeat at war, a financial crisis, peasant rebellion, or disgruntled military), occurred in a nation that was experiencing relative prosperity, produced profound change at great speed, was massively popular, resulted in the exile of many , and replaced a pro-Western authoritarian monarchy with an anti-Western totalitarian theocracybased on the concept of Guardianship of the Jurists (or velayat-e faqih).
